James leads Heavy Reading’s Intelligent Networks & Automation research service, which covers the software and IT systems that enable CSPs to plan, design, build, and operate their networks for maximum operational efficiency, reliability, and agility. This includes orchestration and closed-loop assurance systems that come under the umbrella term of OSS, as well as monetization platforms that fall within the scope of BSS. It also includes the application of horizontal technologies, such as analytics, AI, and blockchain, that cut across both high level IT systems and lower level networking domains with a common goal of increased automation. James holds a BSc and MEng in Electrical and Mechanical Engineering from the University of Manchester, England.